Extending X-reality technologies to digital twin in cultural heritage risk management：A comparative evaluation from the perspective of situation awareness (preprint)

Digital twins possess characteristics such as real-time capability, high precision, and high integration. The digital twin system for cultural heritage risk management includes comprehensive information about heritage, contextual data, and expert knowledge. Considering the role of Situational Awareness (SA), it facilitates more efficient risk assessment, analysis, and strategic decision-making for management personnel, thereby reducing damage to cultural heritage.This study extends X-reality technologies into the digital twin system for cultural heritage risk management. It simulates three sets of procedures for remote risk management of cultural heritage (2D desktop, VR, and AR) and explores the effectiveness of VR and AR in enhancing situational awareness from three dimensions of SART (SART-DAR, SART-SAR, SART-UOS). Additionally, we further analyze how the technological attributes of VR and AR (immersion and interactivity) impact the functional mechanism of situational awareness.The results indicate that, compared to the traditional 2D desktop, VR and AR have advantages in enhancing situational awareness of heritage risk. However, in AR mode, SART-DAR and SART-SAR dimensions did not show significant improvement. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in immersion's impact on the SART-DAR dimension. Regarding interactivity, although the results show differences in the impact on the SART-DAR dimension between VR and AR, no significant differences were observed.This study provides design references for building a digital twin system for cultural heritage risk management by deeply understanding the impact of X-reality technologies on the functional mechanism of cultural heritage risk situational awareness. Simultaneously, it offers insights for heritage site managers, heritage experts, and relevant stakeholders to enhance efficiency in risk perception.

Visibility graph analysis of crude oil futures markets: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict (preprint)

Drawing inspiration from the significant impact of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and the recent COVID-19 pandemic on global financial markets, this study conducts a thorough analysis of three key crude oil futures markets: WTI, Brent, and Shanghai (SC). Employing the visibility graph (VG) methodology, we examine both static and dynamic characteristics using daily and high-frequency data. We identified a clear power-law decay in most VG degree distributions and highlighted the pronounced clustering tendencies within crude oil futures VGs. Our results also confirm an inverse correlation between clustering coefficient and node degree and further reveal that all VGs not only adhere to the small-world property but also exhibit intricate assortative mixing. Through the time-varying characteristics of VGs, we found that WTI and Brent demonstrate aligned behavior, while the SC market, with its unique trading mechanics, deviates. The 5-minute VGs' assortativity coefficient provides a deeper understanding of these markets' reactions to the pandemic and geopolitical events. Furthermore, the differential responses during the COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict underline the unique sensitivities of each market to global disruptions. Overall, this research offers profound insights into the structure, dynamics, and adaptability of these essential commodities markets in the face of worldwide challenges.

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on IVF/ICSI-ET outcomes: A propensity score-matched cohort study (preprint)

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is continually evolving, and the worldwide epidemic is still ongoing. There is conflicting evidence regarding how SAS-CoV-2 infection affects the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment were affected during the acute period of SARS-CoV-2 infection or immediately after recovery from COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, SARS-CoV-2-infected couples who underwent IVF treatment at Wuhan Union Hospital within the first three months following the lifting of the pandemic policy in mainland China were propensity-score matched (PSM) to uninfected couples who received IVF during the dynamic COVID-zero policy. Following matching, 358 and 698 patients were assigned to the SARS-CoV-2-infected and uninfected groups, respectively. The laboratory and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: The average number of oocytes retrieved, mature oocyte rates, normal fertilization rates, abnormal fertilization rates, and cleavage rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The blastocyst formation rates were considerably lower in the infected group than in the uninfected group. Stratification by time from SARS-CoV-2 infection to oocyte retrieval (≤ 30, 31-60, 61-90 and ≥90 days) revealed that both blastocyst formation and available blastocyst rates were significantly decreased when oocyte retrieval was performed 31-60 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, after the first embryo transfer cycle, there were no significant differences in the rates of embryo implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy or early abortion between the two matched cohorts. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection had no effect on clinical outcomes after the first embryo transfer cycle; however, the blastocyst formation rate was significantly lower in couples who underwent IVF treatment 31-60 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection may still impair embryo developmental potential.

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-mediated antiviral response protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection (preprint)

SARS-CoV-2-induced impaired antiviral and excessive inflammatory responses cause fatal pneumonia. However, the key pattern recognition receptors that elicit effective antiviral and lethal inflammatory responses in-vivo are not well defined. CoVs possess single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) that is abundantly produced during infection and stimulates both antiviral interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokine/ chemokine responses. Therefore, in this study, using wild-type control and TLR7 deficient BALB/c mice infected with a mouse-adapted SARS-COV-2 (MA-CoV-2), we evaluated the role of TLR7 signaling in MA-CoV-2-induced antiviral and inflammatory responses and disease outcome. We show that TLR7-deficient mice are more susceptible to MA-CoV-2 infection as compared to infected control mice. Further evaluation of MA-CoV-2 infected lungs showed significantly reduced mRNA levels of antiviral type I and type III IFNs, IFN stimulated genes (ISGs, ISG15 and CXCL10), and several pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in TLR7 deficient compared to control mice. Reduced lung IFN/ISG levels and increased morbidity/mortality in TLR7 deficient mice correlated with high lung viral titer. Detailed examination of total cells from MA-CoV-2 infected lungs showed high neutrophil count in TLR7 deficient mice compared to control mice. Additionally, blocking TLR7 activity post-MA-CoV-2 infection using a specific inhibitor also enhanced disease severity. In summary, our results conclusively establish that TLR7 signaling is protective during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and despite robust inflammatory response, TLR7-mediated IFN/ISG responses likely protect the host from lethal disease. Given similar outcomes in control and TLR7 deficient humans and mice, these results show that MA-CoV-2 infected mice serve as excellent model to study COVID-19.

Causal Model Analysis of the Effect of Policy Formalism, COVID-19 Fear, Social Support and Work Stress on Construction Workers' Anxiety during the Epidemic

This study mainly explores the impact of policy formalism, COVID-19 fear, social support, and work stress on the anxiety of construction workers during the epidemic. The main objective of this study is to incorporate formalism variables to explore their impact on the stress and anxiety of construction workers during the epidemic. In particular, the variable of formalism is changed from the variable of government bureaucracy to the cognition of 'policy formalism';of the general public. This study intends to understand whether the gap between epidemic prevention regulations and practices affects the fear of construction site workers. A total of 743 construction site worker samples in the leisure industry were collected in this study, and the established hypotheses were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study confirmed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, social support of site workers negatively affects anxiety;COVID-19 fear positively affects anxiety and work stress;work stress mediates the relationship between COVID-19 fear and anxiety;fear of infecting family members and fear of infecting self both positively affect anxiety;policy formalism positively affects fear of infecting family members and fear of infecting self.

Will Alibaba’s additional financial service contribute to sellers’ satisfaction and loyalty during the pandemic? Evidence from Taobao sellers

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has shown dramatic growth in recent decades, and sellers on e-commerce platforms have also been affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic. By collecting data from 313 Taobao sellers, we investigated the relationships among e-commerce platform additional financial service quality, sellers' satisfaction, and loyalty to the platform, as well as the moderating roles of sellers' financial pressure during the pandemic and perceived COVID-19 government financial support in the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Our results show that better financial service quality enhances sellers' satisfaction with the platform, which in turn translates into platform loyalty. We also evidence the moderating effects of COVID-related financial pressure and sellers' perception of COVID-related government financial relief policy on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship. Our research makes potential contributions to the e-commerce field and provides timely guidance for e-commerce practice in the pandemic period.

Interstitial Lung Disease as an Extraintestinal Manifestation of Crohn’s Disease in the Time of COVID-19: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction Recently, the extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease (CD) have attracted more and more attention, among which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare extraintestinal manifestation. Clinical presentation is polymorphic and pathogenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this article is to elaborate on these rare extraintestinal manifestations of CD, and the importance of short-term chest computed tomography (CT) for differential diagnosis is emphasized. Case Presentation A 27-year-old male patient, who is a student, presented with chief complaints of “loose stools for 4 months, intermittent low-grade fever for 1 month”. The next day, he developed a high fever with a body temperature of 39.8°C. A chest CT scan revealed multiple patellar ground glass shadows which suggested ILD. In the time of Corona virus disease (COVID-19), novel coronavirus pneumonia was first suspected according to the patient’s history and symptoms, but laboratory examinations did not confirm. Colonoscopy showed multiple ulcers between the sigmoid colon to the terminal ileum, and pathology found epithelioid granuloma in submucosa. Moreover, a total gastrointestinal CT angiography showed that segmental leaping thickening of the bowel. Based on the above results, we ultimately made a diagnosis of CD. After using systemic steroid therapy, his fever was quickly relieved, and a follow-up chest CT showed that multiple patellar ground glass shadows were almost completely absorbed. Then, infliximab was used, and a repeat colonoscopy showed that intestinal ulcers were significantly improved. Conclusion ILD is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of CD and reveals the excellent response to systemic steroid therapy. Manifestations of pulmonary disease associated with IBD are polymorphic;therefore;clinicians should be more vigilant regarding IBD-related ILD, especially when infectious causes have been excluded in the time of COVID-19. For those with ILD related to IBD, a short-term follow-up CT would be crucial.

Therapeutic Benefits of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms and Challenges

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents as a form of acute respiratory failure resulting from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to excessive alveolocapillary permeability, which may be pulmonary or systemic in origin. In the last 3 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in an increase in ARDS cases and highlighted the challenges associated with this syndrome, as well as the unacceptably high mortality rates and lack of effective treatments. Currently, clinical treatment remains primarily supportive, including mechanical ventilation and drug-based therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies are emerging as a promising intervention in patients with ARDS and have promising therapeutic effects and safety. The therapeutic mechanisms include modifying the immune response and assisting with tissue repair. This review provides an overview of the general properties of MSCs and outlines their role in mitigating lung injury and promoting tissue repair in ARDS. Finally, we summarize the current challenges in the study of translational MSC research and identify avenues by which the discipline may progress in the coming years.

A differential diagnosis model for patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia based on laboratory indicators

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features and laboratory indexes of the patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 so as to seek for differential diagnosis indexes. METHODS: A total of 66 patients with COVID-19 and 40 non-COVID-19 patients were recruited as study subjects who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2020 to Apr 2020. The demographic data, clinical symptoms, underlying diseases, imaging features, length of hospital stay and laboratory test indexes at the admission were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The white blood cell(WBC),albumin(ALB) and prealbumin(PALB) of the COVID-19 patients were remarkably lower than those of the non-COVID-19 patients;while the length of hospital stay, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), international normalized ratio(INR), fibrinogen(Fbg), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), tumor specific growth factor(TSGF) and ferritin(Ferritin) of the COVID-19 group were remarkably higher than those of the non-COVID-19 group. The COVID-19 patients had a higher frequency of air bronchogram, reticular pattern, number of affected lobes and number of affected segments, but a lower frequency of centrilobular nodules than did the non-COVID-19 patients. The length of hospital stay of the COVID-19 patients was positively correlated with the age but was negatively correlated with LYM and ALB, and the length of hospital stay of the patients complicated with diabetes mellitus and hypertension was longer than the patients with other complications. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis showed that the areas under curves of WBC, TSGF, LDH and Ferritin were more than 75% in distinguishing between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TSGF, LDH and Ferritin were the independent factors for distinguishing between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19, and the area under curve of the joint detection of the three indexes was 0.9181. CONCLUSION: The ordinary COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients vary in some clinical characteristic, imaging features and clinical laboratory indexes. The joint diagnosis model of TSGF, LDH and Ferritin may be used as an effective indicator for distinguishing between ordinary COVID-19 and non-COVID-19.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain engages 9-O-acetylated α2-8-linked sialic acids (preprint)

SARS-CoV-2 viruses engage ACE2 as a functional receptor with their spike protein. The S1 domain of the spike protein contains a C-terminal receptor-binding domain (RBD) and an N-terminal domain (NTD) which, in other coronaviruses, includes a glycan-binding cleft. However, for the SARS-CoV-2 NTD protein-glycan binding was only observed weakly for sialic acids with highly sensitive methods. Amino acid changes in the NTD of Variants of Concern (VoC) shows antigenic pressure, which can be an indication of functionality. To analyze gain or loss of glycan-binding in VoC, trimeric fluorescent NTD proteins were used. Binding properties were analyzed biochemically on Vero E6 cells and tissue samples. Unexpectedly, the SARS-CoV-2 Beta (501Y.V2-1) NTD binding to Vero E6 cells was sensitive to sialidase pretreatment. Glycan microarray analyses identified a putative 9-O-acetylated sialic acid as a ligand, which was confirmed by catch-and-release ESI-MS, STD-NMR analyses, and a graphene-based electrochemical sensor. The Beta (501Y.V2-1) variant attained an enhanced glycan binding modality in the NTD with specificity towards 9-O-acetylated structures, suggesting a dual-receptor functionality of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 domain, which was quickly selected against. This demonstrates plasticity for improved engagement to sialic acids, possibly under immunological pressure.

Development and application of ribonucleic acid therapy strategies against COVID-19

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), remaining a global health crisis since its outbreak until now. Advanced biotechnology and research findings have revealed many suitable viral and host targets for a wide range of therapeutic strategies. The emerging ribonucleic acid therapy can modulate gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) based on Watson-Crick base pairing. RNA therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), ribozymes, RNA interference (RNAi), aptamers, etc., were used to treat SARS-CoV whose genome is similar to SARV-CoV-2, and the past experience also applies for the treatment of COVID-19. Several studies against SARS-CoV-2 based on RNA therapeutic strategy have been reported, and a dozen of relevant preclinical or clinical trials are in process globally. RNA therapy has been a very active and important part of COVID-19 treatment. In this review, we focus on the progress of ribonucleic acid therapeutic strategies development and application, discuss corresponding problems and challenges, and suggest new strategies and solutions.

Understanding the impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions on mitigation behaviors: A mixed methods approach using survey instruments and serious games (preprint)

COVID-19 risk mitigation behavior, including social distancing and mask wearing, was a principal factor influencing the spread of COVID-19. Yet this behavior, and its association with COVID-19 perceptions and beliefs, is poorly understood. Here we used a mixed methods approach combining serious game data with survey instruments to describe relationships between perceptions and behavior. Using a series of survey questions, participants were described along a spectrum denoting their perception of their susceptibility to COVID-19 associated with a list of activities. Afterwards, participants engaged with a serious game to examine behavioral responses to scenarios involving shopping at a grocery store and going to a park during simulated pandemic conditions. Messages describing the simulated infection risk were shown to drive many behavioral decisions. Another significant correlate, derived from survey results, was the participants perception of susceptibility associated with various activities for acquiring the COVID-19 infection. Individuals that perceived every day activities, such as grocery shopping, as unlikely to lead to a COVID-19 infection spent more time near others in the game-simulated grocery store environment compared to those that consider such activities as risky. Additionally, we found that participant behavior became increasingly risky as time progresses if they were lucky enough not to experience an infection. This reflects behavior observed in the United States and more broadly, possibly explains how people update their perception of the risk of activities. Overall, results show a link between perception and action with regards to COVID-19 and support the use of targeted risk messaging to influence behavior. Moreover, the link between reported real-world perceptions and game behavior suggest that serious games can be used as valuable tools to test policies, risk messaging and communication, with the goal of nudging individuals with varied and nuanced perceptions and belief sets towards behaviors that will reduce the impact of COVID-19.

A prediction model to forecast passenger flow based on flight arrangement in airport terminals

Passenger flow plays an important role in the indoor environment and energy consumption of airport terminals. In this paper, field investigations were carried out in four typical airport terminals with different scales and operation states to reveal the characteristics of passenger flow. A prediction model is established to forecast passengers’ distribution in the main areas of an airport terminal based on its flight arrangement. The results indicate the dislocation peaks of passenger numbers in these areas, due to the airport's departure process. The peak time interval is about 30 minutes between the check-in hall and the security check area, and 60-80 minutes between the check-in hall and the departure hall. RD value (i.e., the ratio of the actual passenger number in a certain area to the design value) is used to describe this peak shifting feature. When the annual passenger throughput of an airport terminal reaches or even exceeds its design value, the total peak RD value is normally 0.6-0.8. For the airport affected by COVID-19, the peak RD is only 0.2, which reflects the decline in terminal passenger numbers during the pandemic. This research provides useful insight into the characteristics of passenger flow in airport terminals, and is beneficial for their design and operation.

Incidence analysis of 1 403 close contacts of corona virus disease 2019 patients in different contact modes

Objective: To study the exposure and incidence of close contacts of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)cases. Methods The retrospective epidemiological method was used to describe and analyze the contact and incidence of 1 403 close contacts from January 23 to February 29, 2020, and the comparative analysis was made using X2 test. Results The frequency of close contacts was mainly occasional(78.62%). There was a difference in the composition of locations and ways of contact between contacts of local and nonlocal cases. The attack rate of close contacts of local cases w as 2.37%, and that of nonlocal cases was 0. The mean attack rate of all close contacts was 1.78%. Conclusion The incidence of close contacts has a correlation with the frequency and degree of contact. Living together results in the frequent contact, which further leads to multiple clusters in families. The attack rate of family cluster is significantly higher than that of other contacts. Implementing family prevention and control measures will help reduce the attack rate of family cluster.

Analysis and evaluation of the isolation medicine observation for close contacts of coronavirus disease 2019 in Jinan city

Objective: To analyze the isolation medicine observation for close contacts of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Jinan City.

The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors among teachers and students in outpatient clinic in a medical college in Beijing

Objective: To understand the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine among teachers and students in outpatient clinic in a medical college in Beijing, and to discuss its related factors, in order to provide reference for the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination.

The impact of COVID-19 on the regional tourism flow network: an empirical study in Hubei Province. (Special Issue: COVID-19 and tourism.)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an unprecedented impact on global tourism, and the tourism industry has not recovered from the effects of the pandemic in most countries. Previous studies have researched the impact of epidemics on the number of tourists, but research on their impact on the tourism flow network is still limited. This research focuses on Hubei Province as a case study by obtaining tourism flow data for 2019 and 2020. This study used network analysis methods to research the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism flow network and its recovery after the pandemic. The results show that COVID-19 has a substantial short-term impact on tourism flow, with a recovery period of approximately 20 weeks. However, there are differences in recovery in various regions. The tourism flow network in large cities and areas severely affected by the pandemic recovered slowly, while rural and natural scenic spots recovered faster. Simultaneously, the attraction radiuses of tourist destinations shrank significantly, and tourist markets became more concentrated. Meanwhile, destinations in the suburbs, rural areas, and small cities obtained new opportunities in the short term. Finally, this research provides suggestions for the recovery of tourism after the pandemic.

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and animal samples of the Huanan Seafood Market (preprint)

Emerging in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) eventually became a pandemic and has posed a tremendous threat to global public health. However, the origins of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, remain to be determined. It has reported that a certain number of the early case clusters had a contact history with Huanan Seafood Market. Therefore, surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 within the market is of vital importance. Herein, we presented the SARS-CoV-2 detection results of 1380 samples collected from the environment and the animals within the market in early 2020. By SARS-CoV-2-specific RT-qPCR, 73 environmental samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and three live viruses were successfully isolated. The viruses from the market shared nucleotide identity of 99.980% to 99.993% with the human isolate HCoV/Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01. In contrast, no virus was detected in the animal swabs covering 18 species of animals in the market. The SARS-COV-2 nucleic acids in the positive environmental samples showed significant correlation of abundance of Homo sapiens with SARS-CoV-2. In summary, this study provided convincing evidence of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Huanan Seafood Market during the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak.

The Effect of Online Support of an Internet Plus Shared Care Diabetes Management Model on Metabolic Indicators for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic (preprint)

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the influences of online support of an Internet plus Shared Care diabetes management model on metabolic indicators and the differences before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: Type 2 diabetes patients who visited the Peking University First Hospital Internet plus Shared Care clinic from May 18, 2020 to June 20, 2020 (after the COVID-19 pandemic subsided) were enrolled in the study. The age, gender, usage of insulin, and duration of diabetes of the patients were collected. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), interval between two consecutive visits, communication frequencies with online diabetes educators through an app, online self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and upload count and SMBG pairing count (before–after meal) were collected before (prior to January 20, 2020) and after (from May 18, 2020 to June 20, 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic for logistic regression analysis. The R-3.4.4 and TWANG programs were used for analysis. The group of patients whose HbA1c did not change during the pandemic was the control group, while the group of patients with improved HbA1c was the dependent variable. Independent variables included age, gender, duration of disease, insulin usage, online communication amount, SMBG count, and SMBG pairing count. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied with age, duration, gender, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), and blood pressure (BP) at baseline as the concomitant variable. After the PSM weighting, the average treatment effect (ATE) of post-pandemic BMI, HbA1c, LDL-C, and BP was compared with the baseline. Results: A total of 387 patients were enrolled in the study including 184 female (47.5%). The baseline values were the following: age, 61.7±9.4 year;, duration of diabetes, 11.7±8.2 years; BMI, 25.9±3.8Kg/m 2 ; HbA1c, 7.2±1.3%; LDL-C, 2.49±0.85mmol/L; systolic BP, 130.8±14.9 mmHg; and diastolic BP, 81.1±40.9 mmHg. Among variables, online communication amounted to a statistically significant contribution to the HbA1c improvement after the COVID-19 pandemic (OR=2.178, p=0.003). During the pandemic, each patient received 18 (3, 56) times online communication support per quarter. Patients were divided into four groups by quartiles: Q1 (more than 56 times/quarter, n=95), Q2 (18–56 times/quarter, n=97), Q3 (3–18 times/quarter, n=93), and Q4 (0–3 times/quarter, n=102). After PSM, post-pandemic data showed significant differences. Between-group variance was found in HbA1c (Q1 vs. Q3, -0.42±0.16%, p=0.009; Q1 vs. Q4, -0.53±0.15%, p=0.0009) and BMI (Q1 vs. Q3, -1.2±0.5, p=0.02; Q1 vs. Q4 -1.5±0.7, p=0.01) of patients. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, high-quality online support of the Internet plus Shared Care diabetes management model can significantly improve the HbA1c and BMI of type 2 diabetes patients.